A budget is a plan for how your income will be used over a given period of time. It outlines where money comes in, where it goes out, and how much is intentionally directed toward priorities like saving, investing, and spending.

A cash reserve is money held in accessible, low-risk accounts to cover unexpected expenses and near-term spending. Many households use the term interchangeably with emergency fund.

Net worth is the difference between what you own and what you owe. It is calculated by subtracting liabilities from assets.

An emergency fund is money set aside to cover unexpected expenses or income disruptions. It provides short-term liquidity so surprises can be handled without debt or disrupting long-term plans.

Cash flow is the movement of money into and out of a household over a given period of time. It reflects how income is earned, how expenses are paid, and whether there is a surplus or shortfall.